What the Hell Is Going on in Indonesia?

From Silicon Valley to New York, from India to South Africa one question keeps popping up in the mind of Web and mobile Web entrepreneurs: What the hell is going on in Indonesia? Having matured from its early 2000s Internet obsession with Friendster, it seems Indonesia has become something of a Web force, embracing everything from Facebook to Foursquare catching people off guard with some uncommon swarms. We wrote about an obscure Indonesian awards show taking over Twitter back in March, and on May 6, Indonesians flocking to see Iron Man 2 won their first Super Swarm badge on FourSquare—something US Web addicts usually only earn at large events like SXSW. I’d like to say I hunted down some impressive Internet entrepreneurs during my current trip to Indonesia to ask them exactly what was going on here, but really they found me. (Just another sign of their Web savvy.) I had dinner with some of them in Jakarta last week, and they’re photographed above. They include (from left to right) Leontinus Alpha Edison of Tokopedia , an ecommerce platform; Eduardus Christmas of still-in-progress Evolitera; Rama Mamuaya, creator of the local blog DailySocial ; Selina Limman of Urbanesia.com , a local review site; Satya Witoelar of Koprol.com , a location-based social network just acquired by Yahoo and Andrew Darwis of Kaskus , a forum and classifieds portal. I grilled them on some basic questions to bring you a Web-in-Indonesia primer. But before we get to those, here’s what impressed me the most about this small-but-tightly-knit community: It’s incredibly collegial. Plenty of research has shown that the biggest reason Silicon Valley beat Boston as a venture capital and startup hot spot was because culturally it was open, trading employees, funding, mentorship and ideas among competitors. It’s not uncommon to see Web competitors in the Valley having dinner together and generally discussing business challenges, before they go back to the office for some late night coding to bury one another in the market. This is something many emerging markets struggle with as they put up walls, try to enforce NDAs and are generally cagey about their ideas. But the Indonesian crew is so small that they’ve found each other—mostly via Twitter—and banded together, openly discussing challenges posed by uncertain waters of raising money and offers to get acquired. Since Indonesia has had little hype, the community seems to have grown organically—like the early days of the Valley and very unlike Web communities in Israel, India and China. Friday night I had dinner with two leading companies Kaskus and Tokopedia—both essentially community sites that have elements of eBay and Craigslist. Edison of Tokopedia was talking about how many ideas they get from reading the forums on Kaskus. “Wait, do you guys consider yourselves direct competitors?” I asked. Both laughed and said yes, sort of, but Darwis explained, “The market is so small, we’re better off helping each other.” This seems obvious if you’re in the Valley, but I can’t tell you how uncommon it is in most places I’ve been in the last few years. Well done, Jakarta. Don’t lose that—as Boston learned the hard way, it’s a formidable advantage. Now, some answers to that title question, mostly courtesy of the entrepreneurs photographed above. How Many Web Users Are in Indonesia? Reports vary from 38 million users to 8% of the population, which would equal more like 20 million. If the previous reports are true, that’s close to Internet usage totals in Brazil and India, far more hyped and targeted markets. But that’s just for accessing Internet over computers. Web mobile is huge and Blackberries are the default device. Data services and cheap and you can buy Blackberry data service by the day on prepaid phones, upping the accessibility even more. Access to Facebook and Twitter are advertised on mobile billboards around the country, which is why the audience seems even larger for these services—most people are only interacting with them on their Blackberries. Why Is the Indonesian Web Swarmy? Part of this is answered above—it’s a huge market that few players are explicitly targeting, even larger when you factor in the mobile Web. That means that as many people may be logging onto your site from Indonesia as from India or Brazil, but you have probably heard so much about Brazil and India being big emerging markets that the swell doesn’t catch you off guard. Few people know anything about Indonesia—let alone that it has 240 million people, almost as much as the US. So the swells can be surprising. How Many Web Entrepreneurs Are in Indonesia? This crew estimated between 300 and 1,000 in Jakarta. Mamuaya has personally written about more than 300, and upwards of 1,000 have attended different founder events. Unlike the Valley, most of the “startup people” are founders—most of these companies are still pretty small. (More on entrepreneurs outside Jakarta in a future post.) Does Anyone Make Money on the Indonesian Web? Most of them do not. There are two problems, they tell me. Indonesians do not want to pay for the Web, so founders are loathe to follow the Chinese model of amassing a large number of micro-payments to build a big company. “There is a big difference between one penny and free here,” Edison of Tokopedia says. So most are following the Valley playbook of build-and-monetize later. That may be a risky strategy: Encouraging the idea that the Web is free, rather than setting expectations from the beginning. But the reticence is also practical: Few people have credit cards and banks don’t have a universal payment system that ecommerce can exploit. Advertising can actually be lucrative, even at this nascent stage. Part of that is because a lot of big brands are waking up to the Indonesia’s large, untapped market and there aren’t a lot of mass media platforms to advertise over. Kaskus makes $50,000 (US) a month in advertising, more than double what it takes to run the business every month. Are There Traditional, Early-Stage VCs in Indonesia? As far as I can tell, there is exactly one and it’s not a traditional firm. East Ventures—a Singapore-based angel fund set up by Batara Eto, the founder of mixi.jp, the Japanese social networking site and others. They’re not based here, but have spent time in Jakarta scouting deals and have recently funded Tokopedia and Urbanesia. (Mamuaya reports here that a few more firms are coming or at least considering the move.) Is Anyone in the West Trying to Buy These Companies? Again, as far as I can tell, there is exactly one suitor, although this one is more traditional: Yahoo. This insight was a lot newsier when I first drafted this post a few days ago. But Koprol aside, Yahoo has approached half-a-dozen small, up-and-coming Indonesian Web startups, this crew said. So far no other deals have been reached. But Yahoo clearly sees something here and likely isn’t done. What is the Biggest Challenge Indonesian Web Entrepreneurs Face? Surprisingly, no one I asked said capital or exits. The relative lack of big, lucrative coding jobs from the multinationals like Google, Yahoo and Microsoft and the lack of venture capital have kept developer wages and costs of building a startup incredibly low. No one seems to feel a real pain for venture capital, because none of these companies are started with an expectation of it. This makes Indonesia absolutely unique among the 11 or so countries I’ve visited in the last two years. Instead, the pain point is finding developers. In Indonesia, developers are considered an entry level position, not a lucrative career path. Most companies have to invest six months or so in training the talent they need, making scaling up a challenge.

More:
What the Hell Is Going on in Indonesia?

How To Successfully Educate Your Clients On Web Development

Mixpanel Lands Chinese Social Game Developer Five Minutes, Continues Strong Growth

When it comes to social games, one of the most important keys to success is analytics. Fun gameplay is, of course, a big factor, but tweaking viral loops to boost your userbase can make the difference between a fun game no one plays and a hit. Mixpanel is a startup that’s playing an increasingly bigger role in this space, by offering developers tools to track analytics that go deeper than most other available services, like Google Analytics. Last night, I spoke with co-founder Suhail Doshi about the startup’s latest progress. The biggest news: Mixpanel recently signed major Chinese social game company Five Minutes, which is behind the hit cross-platform game Happy Farm and has 23 million daily users across all of its games. But Mixpanel doesn’t just do games — other customers include Slide, Justin.tv, and Posterous. Doshi says the amount of data flowing through Mixpanel is rapidly increasing, with “hundreds of millions” of datapoints a month (he declined to give exact figures, but did provide the graph below). Doshi says that much of Mixpanel’s success stems from its funnel analytics, which allow developers to determine where in their application’s flow users are dropping off, so they can optomize accordingly. Doshi explains that some other services offer funnel analytics as well, but that Mixpanel visualizes it in a way that has struck a chord with developers. Mixpanel launched out of the  Y Combinator program last summer, and got another major vote of confidence in February, when it received seed funding from PayPal and Slide founder Max Levchin and Bebo and Birthday Alarm founder Michael Birch — both of whom have extensive experience in analytics. CrunchBase Information Mixpanel Information provided by CrunchBase

Link:
Mixpanel Lands Chinese Social Game Developer Five Minutes, Continues Strong Growth

Top 100 VC Bloggers !

These are the blogs of venture capitalists and VC firms from around the world – ranked by their number of Google Reader subscribers.  Please note, there are many great blogs with fewer subscribers as the number of subscribers doesn’t necessarily correlate to the quality of content.

The top 100 VC Blog Directory (# of Subs) :

1. Guy Kawasaki, Garage Technology Ventures, How To Change The World (24,356)
2. Fred Wilson, Union Square Ventures, A VC (21,881)
3. Bill Gurley, Benchmark Capital, Above The Crowd (8,897)
4. David Hornik, August Capital, VentureBlog (8,037)
5. Brad Feld, Foundry Group, Feld Thoughts (7,543)
6. Marc Andreesen, TBD, Blog.pmarca.com (5,727)
7. Ed Sim, Dawntreader Ventures, Beyond VC (4,162)
8. Josh Kopelman, First Round Capital, Redeye VC (4,071)
9. Jeremy Liew, Lightspeed Ventures Partners, LSVP (3,512)
10. Seth Levine, Foundry Group, VC Adventure (1,569)
11. David Cowan, Bessemer Venture Partners, Who Has Time For This? (1,526)
12. Christopher Allen, Alacrity Ventures, Life With Alacrity (1,419)
13. Dave McClure, Founders Fund, Master of 500 Hats (1,417)
14. Multiple Authors, Union Square Ventures, Union Square Ventures Blog (1,365)
15. Peter Rip, Crosslink Capital, EarlyStageVC (1,107)
16. Rick Segal, JLA Ventures, The Post Money Value (1,043)
17. Mike Hirshland, Polaris Venture Partners, VC Mike’s Blog (1,038)
18. Jeff Bussgang, Flybridge Capital Partners, Seeing Both Sides (1,018)
19. Mendelson/Feld, Foundry Group, Ask The VC (1,017)
20. Tim Oren, Pacifica Fund, Due Diligence (924)
21. Jeff Clavier, SoftTech VC, Software Only (878)
22. Mike Speiser, SutterHill Ventures, Laserlike (869)
23. Matt McCall, DFJ Portage Venture Partners, VC Confidential (661)
24. Stu Phillips, Ridgelift Ventures, Soaring on Ridgelift (597)
25. Eric Friedman, Union Square Ventures, Marketing.fm (572)
26. Jason Caplain, Southern Capitol Ventures, Southeast VC (531)
27. Jason Mendelson, Foundry Group, Mendelson’s Musings (522)
28. Nic Brisbourne, Esprit Capital Partners, The Equity Kicker (517)
29. Scott Maxwell, Openview Venture Partners, Now What? (483)
30. Albert Wenger, Union Square Ventures, Continuations (477)
31. Ryan McIntyre, Foundry Group, McInblog (463)
32. Larry Cheng, Fidelity Ventures, Thinking About Thinking (433)
33. David Beisel, Venrock Associates, GenuineVC (429)
34. Raj Kapoor, Mayfield Fund, The VC In Me (415)
35. Will Price, Hummer Winblad, Will Price (412)
36. Howard Morgan, First Round Capital, Way Too Early (401)
37. Dan Grossman, Venrock Associates, A Venture Forth (365)
38. Christine Herron, First Round Capital, Christine.net (354)
39. Baris Karadogan, Com Ventures, From Istanbul to Sand Hill Road (349)
40. Fred Destin, Atlas Venture, Fred Destin’s Blog (343)
41. Keith Benjamin, Levensohn Venture Partners, SF Venture (333)
42. Rob Day, @Ventures, Cleantech Investing (323)
43. David Feinleib, Mohr Davidow Ventures, Tech, Startups, Capital, Ideas. (319)
44. Saul Klein, Index Ventures, LocalGlo.be (315)
45. Vineet Buch, BlueRun Ventures, Venture Explorer (313)
46. Ouriel Ohayon, Lightspeed Gemini Internet Lab, MYBLOG by Ouriel (307)
47. Bijan Sabet, Spark Capital, Bijan Sabet (296)
48. Steve Jurvetson, DFJ, The J-Curve (274)
49. Philippe Botteri, Bessemer Venture Partners, Cracking the Code (263)
50. Andrew Parker, Union Square Ventures, The Gong Show (257)
51. Mark Peter Davis, DFJ Gotham Ventures, Venture Made Transparent (237)
52. Rob Finn, Edison Venture, Ventureblogalist (236)
53. Marc Goldberg, Occam Capital, Occam’s Razor (233)
54. Allen Morgan, Mayfield Fund, Allen’s Blog (231)
55. James Chen, CXO Ventures, PureVC (228)
56. Daniel Cohen, Israel Venture Partners, Israel Venture Capital 2.0 (223)
57. David Aronoff, Flybridge Capital Partners, Diary of a Geek VC (222)
58. Max Bleyleben, Kennet Partners, Technofile Europe (219)
59. Jason Ball, Qualcomm Ventures Europe, TechBytes (213)
60. Jeremy Levine, Bessemer Venture Partners, Nothing Venture, Nothing Gained (210)
61. Rob Hayes, First Round Capital, Permanent Record (206)
62. Michael Feinstein, Sempre Management, The Fein Line (198)
63. Michael Eisenberg, Benchmark Capital, Six Kids and a Full Time Job (194)
64. Pascal Levensohn, Levensohn Venture Partners, pascalsview (193)
65. Chris Fralic, First Round Capital, Nothing To Say (187)
66. Sagi Rubin, Virgin Green Fund, The Grass is Greener (182)
67. Richard Dale, Sigma Partners, Venture Cyclist (176)
68. Steve Brotman, Silicon Alley Venture Partners, VC Ball (167)
69. Dan Rua, Inflexion Partners, Florida Venture Blog (160)
70. Paul Fisher, Advent Venture Partners, The Coffee Shops of Mayfair (159)
71. John Ludwig, Ignition Partners, A Little Ludwig Goes A Long Way (157)
72. Sarah Tavel, Bessemer Venture Partners, Adventurista (156)
73. Martin Tobias, Ignition Partners, Deep Green Crystals (152)
74. Stewart Alsop, Alsop-Louie Partners, Alsop-Louie Partners (150)
75. Rob Go, Spark Capital, Rob Go Blog (148)
76. Matt Winn, Chrysalis Ventures, Punctuative! (148)
77. Ho Name, Altos Ventures, Altos Ventures Musings (147)
78. George Zachary, Charles River Ventures, Sense and Cents (145)
79. Jacob Ner-David, Jerusalem Capital, VC In Jerusalem (144)
80. Kent Goldman, First Round Capital, The Cornice (144)
81. Satya Patel, Battery Ventures, Venture Generated Content (140)
82. Ed Mlavsky, Gemini Israel Funds, GOLB: Is This Israel? (139)
83. Michael Greeley, Flybridge Capital Partners, On The Flying Bridge (138)
84. Rich Tong, Ignition Partners, Tongfamily (136)
85. Sid Mohasseb, Tech Coast Angels, Sid Mohasseb (133)
86. Rachel Strate, EPIC Ventures, Wasatch Girl (129)
87. Marc Averitt, Okapi Venture Capital, OC VC (128)
88. Peter Lee, Baroda Ventures, Seeing Eye To Eye (128)
89. Mo Koyfman, Spark Capital, Mo Koyfman (127)
90. Justin Label, Bessemer Venture Partners, Venture Again (126)
91. Ted Driscoll, Claremont Creek Ventures, Evolving VC (126)
92. Adam Fisher, Bessemer Venture Partners, Savants in the Levant (124)
93. Gregoire Aladjidi, Techfund Europe, Investing In What’s Next (123)
94. Todd Dagres, Spark Capital, Todd Dagres Tumblelog (123)
95. Multiple Authors, Foundry Group, Foundry Group (121)
96. Santo Politi, Spark Capital, This and That (121)
97. Multiple Authors, True Ventures, Early Stage Capital (120)
98. Lee Hower, Point Judith Capital, Venturesome (118)
99. Robert Goldberg, Ridgelift Ventures, Tahoe VC (117)
100. Vinit Nijhawan, Key Venture Partners, Entremeister (112)

Best of Playboy Magazine / Playmate Ideas !

Playboy : The Art of Beauty, is an auction that features famous original and naughty illustrations from the pages of the magazine over the decades—a Playboy collector’s dream. Among the featured artists are Harvey Kurtzman (Fannie Annie in the first photo), Alberto Vargas, Phil Interlandi and Buck Brown.

When Hugh Hefner first launched Playboy Magazine in 1953, it stirred controversy, and still does today. Many on the religious right and extreme feminists are opposed to it. They see Hefner as a pervert who exploits women, rather than a man who truly takes delight in the female form.

Playboy Magazine has also caused many family feuds over the years between husbands and wives, and horrified moms when they found one or two stashed under the beds of their sons—that will not end any time soon.

Whether you love Playboy for eye candy or for the articles (yeah, right), it is here to stay. That said, enjoy the 18 Playboy stories below : “The 17 pieces of original art in this collection represent some of the most extraordinary artists that Playboy has showcased over the past half-century,” Baker said. “Through these works, these Playboy artists offer their vision of the enduring beauty of the quintessential girl next door.”

Hereis the best playboy magazine ideas (from trendhunter.com) :

Playboy As A Fashion Guide – Nick Adams in Fall Fashion Style Section :

Playboy is trying to become more relevant and has had a monthly Playboy Style feature for a couple years. Now they have added some star power – male variety – in the form of Nick Adams who was in Chorus…

Ironic Outrage – Anna Faris Plays Playboy Bunny, Humiliated Over Nude Scene

Today’s hottest internet buzz is about Anna Faris, the new star of “House Bunny”. Anna was publicly outraged this week when she had to break her no nudity clause to fulfill her role acting as a Playboy…

Naughty Olympic Scandals – German Athletes Nude for Playboy

Four female German athletes competing in the Beijing Olympics are searing news wires with their decisions to pose nude for Playboy. The German edition of the girlie magazine have just released their September…

Olympic Fashion Evolutions – Playboy’s Visual History of Women’s Swimwear

Playboy is proving that watching well-built Olympian women in swimwear has taken big steps backwards the past two Olympic games. When Speedo added its LZR Racer swimsuit this year, it covered up more skin…

Fascination With Normal? – Playboy Recruits From The Olive Garden

Seems that Playboy star Kendra Wilkinson has a thing for Olive Garden, and even a thing for the Girls of Olive Garden. So Hef’s girlfriend decided after “literally hundreds” Olive Garden bread sticks that…

Geeks in Playboy – “Hottest Female Bloggers” List

Playboy has chosen nine female bloggers to vote for in a new feature entitled, “Hottest Female Bloggers.” The list includes Boing Boing’s blonde co-editor, Xeni Jardin, San Francisco Chronicle columnist…

Fashion Bunny Ears – Raquel Zimmermann Channels Playboy for Hercules Magazine

The stunning Raquel Zimmermann channels Playboy bunnies and showgirls in a photo shoot for men’s magazine, Hercules. The styling of the shoot is reminiscent of the 70’s glamor, decadence and femme…

Condom Wearing Remotes – Playboy TV

I am not sure if this print ad for Playboy TV, which shows a TV remote control wearing a condom, does the TV channel any favors. I mean, we usually connect the use of condoms with two things: avoiding…

Sexy Mobile Branding – Playboy Phone: Alcatel OT-V770A

Alcatel unveiled several during CTIA Wireless 2008 in Las Vegas and one of the more popular with the men (really?) were its Playboy-branded handset ‘OT-V770A’ It comes in Gold, Pink, or Silver metallic…

Naughty Film for a Religious Festival? – Playboy TV for St Patricks Day

Nice to see Playboy TV supporting St Patrick’s day – a traditionally religious festival – by making their own film using strategically placed shamrocks. Not sure if this technically counts as porn but…

Burton Love Snowboard Series – A Playboy Burton Collaboration

Melt the snow with this collaboration between Burton and Playboy, who have joined forces to create the Burton Love Series snowboards that will hit the slopes at the end of 2008. These ‘love boards’ are…

Playboy Cigar Set – The Art of Combining Vices

This cigar set satisfies two vices in one fell swoop. It helps you do so and somehow lets you look suave in doing so. That is the magic of Hugh Hefner’s Playboy brand – a brand that has become synonymous…

Funded Hypocrisy – Formerly Embarassed Kyla Ebbert Now Posing for Playboy

Kyla Ebbert was the formerly embarrassed woman who was booted from Southwest Airlines for dressing too hot for takeoff. Recall that Kyla was suing Southwest Airlines, noting to the Today Show, “I was…

Consumer Driven Campaigns – Desperate Guys Seek Poolboy Jobs at Playboy Mansion

We have seen a number of consumer driven publicity events lately, where consumers create a blog or some sort of public spectacle in order to get the attention of a corporation. When these consumer driven…

Phone Sex – Playboy Will Run Previews On Mobile Phones

Playboy TV’s latest marketing strategy includes running softcore previews of their realty show ‘Double Entry’ on cell phones. Users who are unable to download streaming video won’t be left out – they’ll…

Playboy in Braille

Blind people enjoy pornography too. That’s what you’ll learn when you pick up a copy of Playboy in braille. Although, if you don’t know how to read braille, you won’t know the difference between an ad…

Magazine Cover Beach Towel – New Playboy Ad Campaign

Put yourself on the cover with the Playboy Beach Towel. The caption screams, “I can be the March Playmate,” which – of course – relates to a campaign to solicit new playmates. Regardless of whether or…

Tame Playboy Premiere sparks excitement in Muslim Indonesia

JAKARTA (Reuters) – Playboy magazine may no longer rate on the sexual cutting edge in some places, but the first edition in Indonesia, the world’s most populous Muslim nation, caused a stir Friday. ADVERTISEMENT… [More]

Best online dating service !

In order to find the best online dating service on the net, surveys and reviewers rank them according to some specific criteria. That is why, different review sites might come up with different results. The best online dating service is often perceived as the site that provides a good experience to their client. The following are some of the common criteria used in online dating services in rating online dating web sites. (more…)

Date.com : online dating !

Date.com is the premier free online dating service that helps single girls, and guys, men and women, meet other singles, who may be looking for friendships, love, romance and marriage. (more…)

Leadership !

(Source : Fortune Magazine) — There’s a reason ESPN named John Wooden “coach of the century.” The former UCLA men’s basketball coach led his team to a record ten NCAA men’s championships, a tenure that opened the door to a second career as an authority on leadership – and, now, to the creation of an award at UCLA’s Anderson School of Management in his name. Fortune’s Andy Serwer was on hand when the coach, 97, presented the inaugural John Wooden Global Leadership Award to Starbucks (SBUX, Fortune 500) CEO Howard Schultz, 55 (who at presstime announced plans to close hundreds of stores) – and talked with the heavy-hitters about what makes a great leader.

Fortune: Is someone born a leader, or can leadership be taught?

Wooden: In my opinion you can be taught. You have to have certain qualities that demand respect, but the things that are so important in leadership can be taught. Not everyone can be a leader, though.

F: What is the key to successful leadership?

Wooden: The leader has to command the respect of all those under his supervision – and he must be open to those under his supervision. Effective leadership means having a lot of people working toward a common goal. And when you have that with no one caring who gets the credit, you’re going to accomplish a lot. If you have those just wanting the credit for themselves, you’re not going to get as much accomplished.

F: What do you think, Howard?

Schultz: I would agree with that. The hardest thing about being a leader is demonstrating or showing vulnerability. And that has a lot to do with trust. The interesting thing is the similarities between sports and business. The analogies have been made many times. But [business] is a team sport, and there can be more than one leader. And when the leader demonstrates vulnerability and sensibility and brings people together, the team wins.

F: Where do leaders often fall short?

Wooden: Many leaders don’t listen, and it is one of the greatest methods we have of learning. You need to listen to those under your supervision and to those who are above you. We’d all be a lot wiser if we listened more – not just hearing the words, but listening and not thinking about what we’re going to say.

F: Coach, I have to ask you, are you a Starbucks fan?

Wooden: Well, as I told Mr. Schultz earlier, if he’d get some doughnuts to go with the coffee, I’d like it. [Editor's note: Starbucks sells doughnuts.]

Schultz: I want you to know that when you told me that this afternoon, I immediately called the office. And we are going to hand-deliver doughnuts to your home. And you have to stop calling me “Mr. Schultz.”

Porn to be wild !

Here is for me the blog talk of the day. I was making a short interview of Amy (28 years old), a model writing a lovely fashion blog from L.A.

When we talk about porn in our society. Porn to be wild ? She told me : “You know, I used to think that when guys watched porn it was equivalent to them cheating on you. But now it doesn’t bother me. I would watch it with a boyfriend. It’s a good tool if you’re with a partner.” no comments …

How to make better decisions ?

Like many of the tips on happiness, once read they appear self-evident, but they have empirically been proven to help :

• Don’t fear the consequences: if things go wrong it won’t be as bad as you think it will be and you will adapt accordingly
• Go with your gut instincts
• Consider your emotions
• Play the devil’s advocate
• Keep your eye on the ball: try not to succumb to the anchoring effect
• Don’t cry over spilt milk: focus on future costs and benefits, sunk costs are a think of the past
• Look at it another way: pose the question differently to avoid the framing effect
• Beware social pressure
• Limit your options
• Have someone else choose